Reading Assessments Essay

INFORMAL USE FORMAL USE FORMATIVE USE SUMMATIVE USE | ANECDOTALRECORDS| To observe students in instructional settings. Used for identifying reading comprehension benchmark. (Boyd-Batstone, 2004),| THINK ALOUDS| Stragey for the think aloud enables modeling for students. Enables them to see how accomplished readers create the meaning from the book. Enables students to monitor their thoughts as they read and advances their intellectual capacity. It educates students to look back over a sentence, read in advance to clarify, and/or look for context sign to make logic of what they read. SELF-EVALUATI0N| To progress accomplishment in the classroom. Supports the idea of a collaborative learning environment. Assessment offers educators to increase ways to connect students to be more imaginative. (Stiggins, 1991,2001). | END OF UNIT TEST OR PROJECTS| When assessments reproduce the affirmed learning objectives, a well-made end of unit test provides teachers with information relating to individual students. | | | | | | FEEDBACK | Teacher create written or oral feedback to student discussion or work. | | | | | | | | | | STANDAR-ADIZED ASSESS-MENTS | Tests that precisely reveal state performance and content standards offers a clue of how many students are accomplishing established grade-level expectations| | | | | | | | PORTFOLI0S | When used as part of an assessment of student learning, portfolios make available proof to support attainment of stated learning objectives| | | | | | CURRICULM BASED MEASUREM-ENT (CBM)| Set of standardized measures is used to decide student progress and performance (Deno, 2001). | | | | READING LOGS| | COMPREHENSIVE TEST OF PHONOLOGIC-AL PROCESSING | Spotlight is on observing learner replies. Monitor progress with instruction. Presents instantaneous responses to both the educator and student on the topic of the learning process. | DISCOVERY TALK | Conversations used to unearth out what is going on in students life that might be affecting performance at school. (Zimmerman,1996)| | | | ORALRETELLINGS| Gives evidence that students comprehend what they are reading. †¢ Students retell the story by using their own words and recalling the sequence of events correctly. †¢ Students should be able to answer to questions about the chapter/book †¢ Have students create drawings that demonstrate comprehension. Relate new knowledge to prior knowledge (Rathvon, 2004). | DIBELS| Set of measures and procedures for assessing the achievement of early literacy Intended to be short (one minute) fluency dealings used to regularly observe the growth of early literacy and early reading skills. Developed to measure, recognized and empirically confirm skills related to reading outcomes. | | | | | | RECORDEDOBSERVATION| Offers assessment to center the focal point on the student’s potential to identify logos or common signs in or out of the context. (Compton,1997). | Story Construction from aPicture Book| Enables teacher to see how a student interprets the story and observation of reading skills. | | | | | | STUDENTPORTFOLIOS| Supplies data to document recognized reading goals. (Paris, 2002)| Use collections of classroom assessmentInformation to get ready for parent conferences. Classroom assessment assist to be aware of the whole child| | | | | | | . References Boyd-Batstone, P. (2004). Focused anecdotal records assessment: A tool for standards-based, authentic assessment. Reading Teacher, 58(4), 230-238. Compton, D.L. (1997). Using a developmental model to assess children’s word recognition. Intervention in School and Clinic, 32(5), 283. Deno, S. L. (2001). Curriculum-based measures: Development and perspectives. Retrieved November 11, 2012, from http://www. progressmonitoring. net/CBM_Article_Deno. pdf. Hoge, R. D. , & Coladarci, T. (1989). Teacher-based judgments of academic achievement: A review of literature. Review of Educational Research, 59(3), 297–323. Paris, S. G. , Paris, A. H. , & Carpenter, R. D. (2002). Effective practices for assessing young readers. In B. Taylor & P. D. Pearson (Eds. ), Teaching reading: Effective schools, accomplished teachers (pp. 141-162). Mahwah, NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Rathvon, N. (2004). Early reading assessment: A practitioner’s handbook. New York: Guilford Press. Stiggins, R. J. (2001). The unfulfilled promise of classroom assessment. EducationalMeasurement: Issues and Practice, 20(3), 5-14. Zimmerman, B. J. , Bonner, S. , & Kovach, R. (1996). Developing self-regulated learners: Beyond achievement to self-efficacy. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Fasting, Feasting Style Essay

Point of View The novel is written in the third person limited point of view. This means that the author tells the story from an objective position, as if viewing the story’s events without benefit of any thoughts or feelings coming directly from the individual characters. The author presents the chain of events in the story and then interjects what the characters may be thinking or experiencing based on their reactions, facial expression, and tone of voice. This point of view is especially pertinent for the content of the novel, which revolves around the issue of repression, especially for the female characters. The women are not allowed authentic voices in their homes or their societies. So the author restricts what the reader can know to mimic the repression experienced by the characters. Genre A speedy, intense narrative switching point of view and tense as needed. There are many unheralded transitions from scene to scene and flashback (15-63) is used to excellent effect. Threads of the story are left unfinished only to be taken up again later in the novel and given a deeper significance (see Anamika’s or Aruna’s story). General Vision or Viewpoint Think well about this question from a couple of standpoints. It might be easy to dismiss Uma’s world as oppressive to women and to the servant underclass and to decide that life could not be a fulfilled experience in such circumstances. You might think that Uma’s life is a tragic injustice; that she is used and misused by a patriarchal family and society. You might see Arun as a narrow-minded, judgemental outsider unable to adjust to a culture different to his own and whose life is quite unfulfilled. But this might be to miss the humour and love that is invested in daily living. In India people have a warmth and a variety to their lives that is enviable. 1. Read these notes taken from different sources on the web. Do you agree with what they say? Does the point of view used by Desai make you sympathise with a certain character? Explain the use of point of view and provide quotations to support your ideas. Themes Family Life Although the novel has action in two separate countries and has many characters, there is the central theme of family life that unites them all. In India, the immediate family has great importance; but the extended family also has an impact on the characters’ lives. This is evidenced by the coming together of family members for securing bridegrooms and making wedding arrangements for Uma and Aruna. There is also huge family support and involvement related to times of sorrow, such as the coming together after the death of Anamika. The rituals for both these happy and sad occasions are marked with tradition and purpose. These elements seem to be sorely lacking in the Patton household in America. It is understood that the time period of Arun’s stay with the Pattons encompasses only three months and does not represent a comprehensive look at the Patton family. Themes and issues Suffering Human suffering is depicted frequently in both parts of the novel. Uma is made to suffer by her parents and men who take advantage of her. The unusual thing about her is her response to this suffering. She seems to maintain optimism throughout her ordeals. Anamika’s terrible life and the abuse she suffers may illuminate your discussion of suffering as would the plight of Melanie who suffers mental illness and bulimia and is a sad example of American youth. Loneliness The plight of Arun in America will yield many examples of loneliness as will Uma herself who despite her large extended family keeping her busy she seems quite isolated. Loyalty/Betrayal  You might advance the notion that Uma and Anamika are betrayed by their parents in that they treat them very badly when it comes to marriage and relationships. Both girls are seen as burdens to be disposed of and you could say they were betrayed. Similarly, Melanie’s plight is so ignored by her mother that the word betrayal might not be too strong. 2. Can you think of other themes in the novel? Themes are the fundamental and often universal ideas explored in a literary work. Provide quotations to justify your choice. 3Example of an analysis of passages Do you agree with him? Can you find more examples of how Desai uses X to  create Y ? Now analyse the following passage. 4 Questions 5. Poetry Pied Beauty Gerard Manley Hopkins Follow this link: http://www.poetryfoundation.org/bio/gerard-manley-hopkins 1. Listen to the poem and read it at least twice. Hopkins was born in 1844, and died just 45 years later, in 1889, but in this relatively short life he wrote some of the most startling and original poetry of the whole 19th Century. He was a deeply intellectual and religious man, and became a Jesuit priest in 1877, the same year in which he wrote ‘Pied Beauty’. Throughout his life Hopkins was deeply fond of the countryside and its beauty, in which he could see the work and power of God. In ‘Pied Beauty’ he expresses his delight and astonishment at the sheer diversity of nature. What do the things Hopkins describes have in common? How does Hopkins celebrate diversity? How does the image of the chestnut link the physical with the spiritual world? How is the human world linked to the physical world in the poem? How are both the physical and the human world linked to God? Comment on the following compound nouns /verbs: ‘couple-colour’, ‘fresh-firecoal’, fathers-forth’. Comment on the use of sound in the poem and the effect it creates. Comment on the rhythm (metre) of the poem N.B. it is irregular). How does it contribute to its meaning? Annotate the rhyme scheme. What comments can you make on its effect? The poem begins and ends in a symmetrical way. Why? What is the effect of the short final line? In what way are the first and second parts of the poem the reverse of each other? What is the effect of delaying the verb ‘fathers-forth’ to the beginning of the penultimate line? Examination Question: How does this poem seek to convey the ‘glory’ and grandeur of God for Hopkins? After reading the poem, write in paragraphs a summary of what you think the poem is about and your analysis of it. You can work in groups (not more than four in each group) and hand in your work to Carolina, please. What does Curnow’s reading of his poem adds to your appreciation of it? 2. Read the following which will help you to analyse the poem. Entrapments at Home and Abroad in Anita Desai’s Fasting, Feasting T. Ravichandran Assistant Professor of English, Department of Humanities & Social Sciences, IIT Kanpur Anita Desai’s Fasting, Feasting, as it is implied in the title itself, is a novel of contrast between two cultures, the one, Indian, known for its pious and longstanding customs representing ‘fasting,’ and the other, American, a country of opulence and sumptuousness epitomising ‘feasting.’ The plot unveils through the perceptions of Uma, in India, and of Arun, in America. Both of them are entrapped, irrespective of the culture and enveloping milieu, by oppressive bonds exercised by their own parents, MamaPapa. They are just MamaPapa or PapaMama but remain nameless throughout the novel. Yet, this namelessness does not indicate their anonymity but signifies their universality. They are the prototypical parents found everywhere in the middle-class families of India, who discuss, plan, plot, control, govern the activities of their children, be it marriage or going abroad for studies. And in their over-domineering concern, they tend to ignore the inadverte nt possibility of entrapping their own offspring. Thus, they do not give contingency to the fact that perhaps their children too can have a life to call their own. May be even their own preoccupations, their own priorities, maybe an agenda for themselves that goes beyond what they actually want for their children. The novel beings with a snapshot of MamaPapa in a contemplative mood: â€Å"The parents sit, rhythmically swinging, back and forth. They could be asleep, dozing—their eyes are hooded—but sometimes they speak.† That is when a sudden deluge of ideas hit them and they order their eldest daughter, Uma, to carry out them without delay. Uma is asked first to inform the cook to prepare sweets for her father, with neglectful impatience she states that she has been already asked to pack a parcel to be sent to her brother, Arun, in America. While she comes literally running on her toes, she is entrusted with an additional job of writing a letter to their son. Somewhere in the middle of the novel, the reader understands that it is the usual scene that goes on in the household of MamaPapa. â€Å"All morning MamaPapa have found things for Uma to do. It is as if Papa’s retirement is to be spent in this manner—sitting on the red swing in the veranda with Mama, rocking, and finding ways to keep Uma occupied. As long as they can do that, they themselves feel busy and occupied† (133). In th is manner, living under the demanding rule of MamaPapa, Uma is repressed, suppressed and is imprisoned at home. The first part of the novel tells us in a flashback how she became a reluctant victim of entrapment at home. The second part of the novel shows how her brother Arun, who leaves his home for higher studies feels trapped by the very education that is meant to liberate him. Usually, at home, it would be an oppressive atmosphere even if one of the parents is overpowering. With regard to Uma, both of her parents appear to have merged into a single identity MamaPapa/PapaMama, as if they have a â€Å"Siamese twin existence†(6). Hence, whenever MamaPapa say something, and whoever says it, it comes with double the intensity and power that it cannot be defied at all. â€Å"Having fused into one, they had gained so much in substance, in stature, in authority, that they loomed large enough as it was; they did not need separate histories and backgrounds to make them even more immense†(6). Despite a slight variation in the roles they have chosen to play, Papa’s of â€Å"scowling† and â€Å"Mama’s scolding†(10), in terms of opinion, they never differed from each other. Therefore, if one refused there would not be any â€Å"point in appealing to the other parent for a different verdict: none was expected, or given†(14 ). Furthermore, the women are not allowed for outings usually, but when Papa feels that the women laze around the house too much, then they would be taken to the park for walk. On one such occasion, Uma gets easily distracted and fails to keep pace with her Papa. Though Papa is far away, and she is left in the company of Mama, she would not dare attempt  to buy some eatables on her wish though it is highly tempting: â€Å"Uma finds saliva gathering at the corners of her mouth at the smell of the spiced, roasted gram but decides to say nothing† (12-13). In the end, Uma is blamed for being â€Å"slow† when all the while Uma could not reconcile herself as why they are hurrying just to go back home. Likewise, the children are not allowed to have any sense of privacy even when they have grown-up. They are not allowed to shut any doors in the household. For this meant secrets, especially nasty secrets, which are impermissible: â€Å"It meant authority would come stalking in and make a search to seize upon the nastiness, the unclean blot†(15). MamaPapa also decide which of their children should have education and how much of it. As far as Uma is concerned, a pleasant escape from her claustrophobic conditions at home is her school-going. The convent school for her is â€Å"streaked with golden promise†(20). Hence, she always goes early to the school and later finds some excuse to linger there for longer time. Conversely, she feels deprived during dull weekends when she is left at home: â€Å"There were the wretched weekends when she was plucked back into the trivialities of her home, which seemed a denial, a negation of life as it ought to be, somber and splendid, and then the endless summer vacation when the heat reduced even that pointless existence to further vacuity†(21). Regardless of Uma’s verve for convent education, she is forced to stop going to school when Mama gives birth to the third baby, Arun. Even as Uma shows disagreement, she is coaxed, cajoled and finally threatened to accept her Mamaà ¢â‚¬â„¢s decision: ‘But ayah can do this—ayah can do that—’ Uma tried to protest when the orders began to come thick and fast. This made Mama look stern again. ‘You know we can’t leave the baby to the servant,’ she said severely. ‘He needs proper attention.’ When Uma pointed out that ayah had looked after her and Aruna as babies, Mama’s expression made it clear it was quite a different matter now, and she repeated threateningly: ‘Proper attention’ (31). Later, Uma looks forward towards her marriage to give her the much-needed relief, yet, unfortunately, she returns home frustrated after a deceitful marriage and subsequent divorce. Back at home, she gets a rare, job offer  through Dr. Dutt, but MamaPapa refuse to send her. When Dr. Dutt persists on taking Uma for the job, Mama lies of an illness for which she needs Uma to nurse her. In like manner, when Uma receives an invitation for a coffee party from Mrs. O’Henry, MamaPapa refuse to send her to the party because of the apprehension that Mrs. O’Henry might ensnare her and convert her into a Christian nun. Reduced thus to a baby-sitter at her earlier days and an unpaid servant for her self-centred parents for the rest of her life, Uma finds no escape from her entrapment. Uma experiences, however, a brief repose of happiness and freedom once when she is allowed to accompany her ailing aunt, Mira-Masi, on her pilgrimage. During her stay at night in an ashram, Uma finds a strange link of her life with the barks and howls of the dogs: At night she lay quietly on her mat, listening to the ashram dog bark. Then other dogs in distant villages, out along the river bed and over in the pampas grass, or in wayside shacks and hovels by the highway—barked back. They howled long messages to each other. Their messages traveled back and forth through the night darkness which was total, absolute. Gradually the barks sank into it and drowned. Then it was silent. That was what Uma felt her own life to have been—full of barks, howls, messages, and now—silence (61). At this juncture, one is reminded of Anita Desai’s characteristic way of making her internally turbulent protagonists find expression by association with external surroundings. Thus, for instance, in Cry, the Peacock, Maya’s feelings of isolation and longings are coupled with those of the crying of the peacocks. Still, one locates a kind of sublimity in the agonised inner cry of Maya when it is likened with peacocks. When Uma’s pain is related to the barks and howls of dogs, the poetry of Maya’s anguish is to be seen in sharp contrast to that of the excruciating poverty of Uma’s entrapment. Catering to the whims and fancies of MamaPapa, but keeping her remorse selfcontained, at one point of the novel, Uma feels utterly friendless and alone, even when she is at home and surrounded by her MamaPapa. In desperation, she thinks of writing a letter to a friend to share her grief but it only ends up with the realisation that she has none to confide with: She could write a letter to a friend—a private message of despair, dissatisfaction, yearning; she has a packet of notepaper, pale violet with a pink rose embossed in the corner—but who is the friend? Mrs. Joshi? But since she lives next door, she would be surprised. Aruna? But Aruna would pay no attention, she is too busy. Cousin Ramu? Where was he? Had his farm swallowed him up? And Anamika—had marriage devoured her? (134). However, it would be wrong to presuppose that Anita Desai shows Uma’s unattractiveness, clumsiness and dullness of mind as causes for her entrapment. Uma’s polar opposite, her graceful, beautiful and brilliant cousin, Anamika’s confinement is more poignant. While Uma’s failure in her school exams pressurises her to stay at home, Anamika does so excellently in her final school exams, that she wins a scholarship to Oxford. Yet, Anamika lives in a patriarchal society that considers higher education to be the prerogative of males, and marriage as the major preoccupation of females. The scholarship obtained is used only as a means to win her a husband who is considered an equal to the family’s prestige. Anamika’s parents are unperturbed by the fact that he is so much older than her, so grim-faced and conscious of his own superiority, and is â€Å"totally impervious to Anamika’s beauty and grace and distinction† (70). But it is Anamik a, who starts another life of entrapment the moment she enters her in-laws’ house. Anamika’s husband is a typical ‘Mama’s boy’ to the extent he could be a silent witness to his mother’s beating of his wife regularly. Anamika, who won a scholarship to Oxford, spends her entire time in the kitchen cooking for a very large family that eats in shifts—â€Å"first the men, then the children, finally the women† (70). After a miscarriage, which followed a brutal beating, and the belief that she could not bear more children, finally, the family ties her up in a nylon saree, pours the kerosene over her, and burns her to death. Here again Desai is not implying that the un-burnt brides and the well-settled ones may live a content life. In this regard, she portrays the story of Aruna, Uma’s smart and pretty younger sister who makes a discreet choice and marries â€Å"the wisest, †¦ the handsomest, the richest, the most exciting of the suitors who presented themselves†(101). Aruna’s marriage to Arvind who has a job in Bombay and a flat in a housing block in Juhu, facing the beach is just a like a  dream-come-true. Yet to live that dream-life fully she transforms hersel f and desperately seeks to introduce change in the lives of others. She cuts her hair, takes her make-up kit wherever she goes, and calls her sister and mother as ‘villagers’ once they refuse to accept her sophisticated and flashy style of life. For that reason, she avoids visiting her parents’ home and the rare occasions of her short visits are spent in blaming the untidiness of the surrounding and the inhabitants. Even she goes to the extent of scolding her husband when he splits tea in his saucer, or wears a shirt, which does not match, with his trousers. In this way, Aruna’s entrapment is different from the rest. She has liberated herself from the customs and dominating home rules that bind the rest of the characters like Uma and Anamika. Yet, in negating those codes, she ensnares herself in her mad pursuit towards a vision of perfection. And in order to reach that perfection she needs to constantly uncover and rectify the flaws of her own family as well as of Arvind’s. When none other than Uma sees through the entrapment of Aruna, she feels pity for her: Seeing Aruna vexed to the point of tears because the cook’s pudding had sunk and spread instead of remaining upright and solid, or because Arvind had come to dinner in his bedroom slippers, or Papa was wearing a t-shirt with a hole under one arm, Uma felt pity for her: was this the realm of ease and comfort for which Ar una had always pined and that some might say she had attained? Certainly it brought her no pleasure: there was always a crease of discontent between her eyebrows and an agitation that made her eyelids flutter, disturbing Uma who noticed it (109). While Uma, Anamika, Aruna present the female versions of entrapment in Fasting, Feasting, Arun pictures the male version of it. Unlike his sisters, right from his birth, Arun desists eating the food of his family which is symbolic of its values. Much to the dismay of his father, he shows his preference for vegetarian food. Simply because it revolutionised the life-style of his father, Arun can not be forced to eat non-vegetarian food. This, of course, is a cause of disappointment for Papa: Papa was always scornful of those of their relatives who came to visit and insisted on clinging to their cereal-and vegetable-eating ways, shying away from the meat dishes Papa insisted on having cooked for dinner. Now his own son, his  one son, displayed this completely baffling desire to return to the ways of his forefathers, meek and puny men who had got nowhere in life. Papa was deeply vexed (32- 33). Nonetheless, Arun cannot fully come out of the clutches of Papa, especially, in terms of his education. And ironic enough, it is education, which instead of offering the desired autonomy, paves way for Arun’s entrapment. Papa, in order to give â€Å"the best, the most, the highest† (119) education for his son, takes charge of Arun’s life from his childhood. Although Arun’s school examinations are over, Papa cannot allow him to go to his sister’s house in Bombay during holidays, since he has planned that time for taking up entrance examinations and preparation for sending applications to go abroad for ‘higher studies’. However, in the eyes of Aruna, her father’s manic determination to get a foreign scholarship for Arun, is actually on account of his unfulfilled dreams, which he tries to impose on his son. That is why, when the letter of acceptance from Massachusetts finally arrives, it stirs no emotions in Arun: Uma watched Arun too, when he read the fateful letter. She watched and searched for an expression, of relief, of joy, doubt, fear, anything at all. But there was none†¦. There was nothing else—not the hint of a smile, frown, laugh or anything: these had been ground down till they had disappeared. This blank face now stared at the letter and faced another phase of his existence arranged for him by Papa (121). As a reviewer rightly observes, â€Å"With a deft touch, Desai shows us that MamaPapa’s ambitions for Arun are as stifling as their lack of ambition for Uma, †¦.† From America, Arun’s letters come just to indicate his endurance and survival. His messages are diluted, and are devoid of any emotion and substance. â€Å"The most personal note he struck was a poignant, frequently repeated complaint: ‘The food is not very good’† (123). The ties, though invisible, are so overwhelming that even in a country that feasts on individuality, Arun fails to manifest his identity as an individual. Caught in the prison house of his own family’s food habits, he can neither nourish the alien food nor develop a sense of belonging with Patton’s family that  shelters him during his vacation. The smell of the raw meat being charred over the fire by Mr. Patton for steak or hamburger is loathsome for Arun. Conversely, Mr. Patton fails to understa nd why Arun really refuses to eat a good piece of meat. While Mrs. Patton symphathises with Arun, and gives him the vegetarian food items, particularly tomato slices and lettuce on bread, Arun finds them detestable too. Because he thinks that â€Å"in his time in America he has developed a hearty abhorrence for the raw foods everyone here thinks the natural diet of a vegetarian† (167). Hence when Mrs. Patton, quite satisfied with her job of a host, watches him eating with pride and complicity, Arun ate with an expression of woe and a sense of mistreatment. How was he to tell Mrs. Patton that these were not the foods that figured in his culture? That his digestive system did not know how to turn them into nourishment? (184-185). Where Mrs. Patton’s daughter, Melanie, bluntly says she finds the food revolting, and refuses to taste it, Arun has to helplessly eat it. Melanie, however, suffers from bulimia—a disorder in which overeating alternates with self-induced vomiting, fasting, etc. Her bulimia, along with her mother ’s frenzy for buying food items to fill the freezer, signifies the consumerist society that she hails from, where excess becomes the malady. This seen in contrast to Rod, the fitness fanatic, who spends all his time and energy in jogging, baffles Arun who wonders that â€Å"one can’t tell what is more dangerous in this country, the pursuit of health or of sickness†(204-205). He apprehends that like Melanie, who eats, vomits and lies on her vomit most of the time, the people of her country too, go through an inexplicable pain and a real hunger. Yet he cannot reconcile his mind to the unanswerable question: â€Å"But what hunger a person so sated can feel?†(224). Anita Desai, in portraying the stories of entrapment in Fasting, Feasting, presents one version after another; each contributing together to a master version, and each simultaneously subverting the other towards an open and contingent version. Accordingly, in the story of Uma, we find her unattractiveness leading to her eventual entrapment. Yet, if we pass a final verdict on this account, we would be proved erroneous since Desai presents the versions of Aruna and Anamika, Uma’s appealing sister and charming cousin, respectively. Beauty cannot offer them escape from entrapments; in truth, it is rather their good looks that victimise them. Further, if we think again that it is Uma†™s lack of  education that has led to her entrapped situation, Desai presents us the subversion of Anamika, where foreign scholarship fetches her an equal match but fails to provide her the required escape, it suffocates and kills her literally. In like manner, if as Uma thinks, â€Å"A CAREER. Leaving home. Living alone† (130) would bring in the necessary freedom from entrapment, Desai presents us the story of Arun, who leaves home, lives alone for a career but feels the pangs of entrapment despite it. Also, in providing a male version through the story of Arun’s entrapment, Desai negates any feministic verdict based on the other female versions of entrapment that is likely to put the blame on the patriarchal, male-centred society. Thus, Anita Desai, often described as one of the finest writers of this country, has moved from her earlier, typical way of sympathising with her characters, females especially, to a different level of sensibility now. Where it would be easy to presuppose her overt feministic concerns in a novel like Cry, the Peacock, it would be unwise to approach her Fasting, Feasting with any such preconceived notions. Desai herself speaks out in a recent interview that she has been deliberately shifting her focus from female characters to male characters. She rather feels she needs to address and voice out themes which concern males too. She says: â€Å"Specially in my earlier work I found myself addressing the same things over and over again: very much about the life of women, specially those women who are confined to home and family, also the solitude from which a person can suffer even if living within a big family or surrounded by crowds. But after several years and several books I began to feel suffocated myself by the confinement of these subjects. I felt I was limiting the territory to such an extent that it created a kind of suffocation even for me. So I deliberately opened the doors, to widen the canvas, and started writing more about male characters and their lives, because I felt they had a wider experience of the world, and I could address a greater variety of experiences.† Finally, if we consider the male version represented by Arun and the female versions constituted by Uma, Anamika and Aruna as Indian versions, Desai offers American versions to counter them. The story, thus dangling between two countries and cultures shows to prove through the characters of Uma and Arun, and their counterparts Melanie and Rod, that attempts of escape from entrapments can only be temporary, illusory and self-destructively futile since entrapments through familial knots are ubiquitous, all encompassing and universal. And perhaps the salvation comes when one accepts entrapment of one kind or another envisioned as an inescapable fact of life. References 1Anita Desai, Fasting, Feasting (London: Vintage, 1999) 3. All subsequent page references are to this edition. 2Sylvia Brownrigg, â€Å"Fasting, Feasting† by Anita Desai. http://archive.salon.com/books/review/2000/02/17/desai/print.html. [9/15/2002]. Magda Costa, â€Å"Interview with Anita Desai, Lateral (March 2001). http://www.umiacs.umd.edu/users/sawweb/sawnet/books/desai_interview.html. [9/15/2002]. http://www.sawnet.org/books/writing/desai_interview.html

Anonymous Research Essay Example for Free

Anonymous Research Essay Internet (835) , Anonymous (16) company About StudyMoose Contact Careers Help Center Donate a Paper Legal Terms & Conditions Privacy Policy Complaints Anonymous (used as a mass noun) is a loosely associated hacktivist group. It (is estimated to have) originated in 2003 on the imageboard 4chan, representing the concept of many online and offline community users simultaneously existing as an anarchic, digitized global brain.[2] It is also generally considered to be a blanket term for members of certain Internet subcultures, a way to refer to the actions of people in an environment where their actual identities are not known.[3] It strongly opposes Internet censorship and surveillance, and has hacked various government websites. It has also targeted major security corporations.[4][5][6] It also opposes Scientology, government corruption and homophobia. Its members can be distinguished in public by the wearing of stylised Guy Fawkes masks.[7] In its early form, the concept was adopted by a decentralized online community acting anonymously in a coordinated manner, usually toward a loosely self-agreed goal, and primarily focused on entertainment. Beginning with 2008, the Anonymous collective became increasingly associated with collaborative, international hacktivism. They undertook protests and other actions in retaliation against anti-digital piracy campaigns by motion picture and recording industry trade associations.[8][9] Actions credited to â€Å"Anonymous† were undertaken by unidentified individuals who applied the Anonymous label to themselves as attribution.[10] They have been called the freedom fighters of the Internet,[11] a digital Robin Hood,[12] and â€Å"anarchic cyber-guerrillas.†[13] Although not necessarily tied to a single online entity, many websites are strongly associated with Anonymous. This includes notable imageboardssuch as 4chan, their associated wikis, Encyclopà ¦dia Dramatica, and a number of forums.[14] After a series of controversial, widely publicized protests, distributed denial of service (DDoS) and website defacement attacks by Anonymous in 2008, incidents linked to its cadre members have increased.[15] In consideration of its capabilities, Anonymous has been posited by CNN to be one of the three major successors to WikiLeaks.[16] In 2012, Time named Anonymous as one of the most influential groups in the world.[17] The name Anonymous itself is inspired by the perceived anonymity under which users post images and comments on the Internet. Usage of the term Anonymous in the sense of a shared identity began on imageboards.[14] A tag of Anonymous is assigned to visitors who leave comments without identifying the originator of the posted content. Users of imageboards sometimes jokingly acted as if Anonymous were a real person. The concept of the Anonymous entity advanced in 2004 when an administrator on the 4chan image board activated a â€Å"Forced_Anon† protocol that signed all posts as Anonymous.[14] As the popularity of imageboards increased, the idea of Anonymous as a collective of unnamed individuals became an Internet meme.[18] Anonymous broadly represents the concept of any and all people as an unnamed collective. As a multiple-use name, individuals who share in the â€Å"Anonymous† moniker also adopt a shared online identity, characterized as hedonistic and uninhibited. This is intended as a satirical, conscious adoption of the online disinhibition effect.[19] â€Å"| We [Anonymous] just happen to be a group of people on the internet who need—just kind of an outlet to do as we wish, that we wouldn’t be able to do in regular society. †¦That’s more or less the point of it. Do as you wish. †¦ There’s a common phrase: ‘we are doing it for the lulz.’| †| —Trent Peacock. Search Engine: The face of Anonymous, February 7, 2008.[19]| Definitions tend to emphasize that the concept, and by extension the collective of users, cannot be readily encompassed by a simple definition. Instead Anonymous is often defined by aphorismsdescribing perceived qualities.[2] One self-description, originating from a protest video targeted at the Churc h of Scientology, is: We are Anonymous. We are Legion. We do not forgive. We do not forget. Expect us.[20] â€Å"| [Anonymous is] the first Internet-basedsuperconsciousness. Anonymous is a group, in the sense that a flock of birds is a group. How do you know they’re a group? Because they’re traveling in the same direction. At any given moment, more birds could join, leave, peel off in another direction entirely.| †| —Chris Landers. Baltimore City Paper, April 2, 2008.[2]| Anonymous consists largely of users from multiple imageboards and Internet forums. In addition, several wikis and Internet Relay Chat networks are maintained to overcome the limitations of traditional imageboards. These modes of communication are the means by which Anonymous protesters participating in Project Chanology communicate and organize upcoming protests.[21][22] A â€Å"loose coalition of Internet denizens,†[23] the group bands together through the Internet, using IRC channels[21] and sites such as 4chan,[21][23] 711chan,[21] Encyclopà ¦dia Dramatica,[24] and YouTube.[3] Socia l networking services, such as Facebook, are used for to mobilize groups for real-world protests.[25] Anonymous has no leader or controlling party and relies on the collective power of its individual participants acting in such a way that the net effect benefits the group.[23] â€Å"Anyone who wants to can be Anonymous and work toward a set of goals†¦Ã¢â‚¬  a member of Anonymous explained to the Baltimore City Paper. â€Å"We have this agenda that we all agree on and we all coordinate and act, but all act independently toward it, without any want for recognition. We just want to get something that we feel is important done†¦Ã¢â‚¬ [2] Anonymous members have previously collaborated with hacker group LulzSec.[citation needed] It is impossible to ‘join’ Anonymous, as there is no leadership, no ranking, and no single means of communication. Anonymous is spread over many mediums and languages, with membership being achieved simply by wishing to join.[26] Commander X and the People’s Liberation Front A person known as Commander X provided interviews and videos about Anonymous.[27] In 2011, he was at the center of an investigation into Anonymous by HBGary CEO Aaron Barr, who claimed to have identified him as a San Francisco gardener. Interviewed following the attack on HBGary Federal, Commander X revealed that while Barr suspected that he was a leader of the group, he was in his own words a â€Å"peon.† However, Commander X did claim to be a skilled hacker and founding member of an allied organization, the Peoples Liberation Front (PLF).[28] According to Commander X, Peoples Liberation Front, a collective of hactivists founded in 1985, acted with AnonOps, another sub-group of Anonymous, to carry out denial-of-service (DDOS) attacks against government websites in Tunisia, Iran, Egypt, and Bahrain. Explaining the relationship between Anonymous and the PLF, he suggested an analogy to NATO, with the PLF being a smaller sub-group that could choose to opt in or out of a specific project. â€Å"AnonOps and the PLF are both capable of creating huge â€Å"Internet armies.† The main difference is AnonOps moves with huge force, but very slowly because of their decision making process. The PLF moves with great speed, like a scalpel.†[29] On September 23, 2011, a homeless man in California named Christopher Doyon was arrested and stated by officials to have used the Commander X screen name.[30] He pleaded not guilty.[31] The Low Orbit Ion Cannon is a network stress testing application that has been used by Anonymous to accomplish its DDOS attacks. Individual users download the LOIC and voluntarily contribute their computer to a bot net. This bot net is then directed against the target by AnonOps.[32] Joining the bot net and volunteering one’s resources for the use of the group is thus one way of being a â€Å"member,† a concept that is otherwise hard to define. In April 2009, after The Pirate Bay co-defendants were found guilty of facilitating extensive copyright infringement â€Å"in a commercial and organized form†, Anonymous launched a coordinated DDoS attack against the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI), an organisation responsible for safeguarding recording artists’ rights.[33] When co-founders lost their appeal against convictions for encouraging piracy, Anonymous again targeted the IFPI, labelling them â€Å"parasites.† A statement read: â€Å"We will continue to attack those who embrace censorship. You will not be able to hide your ludicrous ways to control us. On January 19, 2012, Megaupload, a website providing file-sharing services, was shut down by the US Department of Justice (DOJ) and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).[36] In the hours following the shutdown, hackers took down the sites of the DOJ and FBI, as well as the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA), the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), and Broadcast Music, Inc. (BMI) using distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks.[37]Barrett Brown, described as a spokesperson for Anonymous, called the attack â€Å"the single largest Internet attack in [Anonymous’] history.†[38] With the protests against the Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) protests only a day old, Brown stated that internet users were â€Å"by-and-far ready to defend an open Internet.†[38] Although the actions of Anonymous received support,[citation needed] some commentators argued that the denial of service attack risked damaging the anti-SOPA case. Molly Wood of CNET wrote that â€Å"[i]f the SOPA/PIPA protests were the Web’s moment of inspiring, non-violent, hand-holding civil disobedience, #OpMegaUpload feels like the unsettling wave of car-burning hooligans that sweep in and incite the riot portion of the play.†[39] Dwight Silverman of the Houston Chronicle concurred, stating that â€Å"Anonymous’ actions hurt the movement to kill SOPA/PIPA by highlighting online lawlessness.†[40] The Oxford Internet Institute’s Joss Wright wrote that â€Å"In one sense the actions of Anonymous are themselves, anonymously and unaccountably, censoring websites in response to positions with which they disagree.†[37] Anonymous claimed responsibility for taking down government websites in the UK in April 2012 in protest against government extradition and surveillance policies. A message was left on Twitter saying it was â€Å"for your draconian surveillance proposals.†[41] Anonymous activists merged with Occupy Wall Street protesters. Anonymous members descended on New York’s Zucotti Park and organized it partly. After it became known that some Occupy protesters would get violent, Anonymous used social networking to urge Occupy protesters to avoid disorder. Anonymous used Twitter trends to keep protests peaceful.[42] A similar protest occurred outside the London Stock Exchange in early May 2012 during a May Day Occupy protest.[43] Alleged Internet predator Chris Forcand, 53, was charged with child sexual and firearm offenses.[44] A newspaper report stated that Forcand was already being tracked by â€Å"cyber-vigilantes before police investigations commenced.[45] A television report identified a â€Å"self-described Internet vigilante group called Anonymous† who contacted the police after some members were â€Å"propositioned† by Forcand. The report stated this was the first time a suspected Internet predator was arrested by the police as a result of Internet vigilantism.[46] In October 2011, â€Å"Operation Darknet† was launched as an attempt to cease the activities of child porn sites accessed through hidden services in the deep web.[47] Anonymous published in apastebin link what it claimed were the user names of 1,589 members of Lolita City, a child porn site accessed via the Tor network. Anonymous said that it had found the site via The Hidden Wiki, and that it contained over 100 gigab ytes of child pornography. Anonymous launched a denial-of-service attack to take Lolita City offline. The group is responsible for cyber-attacks on the Pentagon, News Corp and has also threatened to destroy Facebook.[54] In October 2011, Anonymous hackers threatened the Mexican drug cartel known as Los Zetas in an online video after one of their members was kidnapped.[55] In late May 2012 alleged Anonymous members claimed responsibility for taking down a GM crops website.[56] In early September 2012 alleged Anonymous members claimed responsibility for taking down GoDaddy’s Domain Name Servers, affecting small businesses around the globe.[57] In mid-September 2012, Anonymous hackers threatened the Hong Kong government organization, known as National Education Centre. In their online video, Anonymous members claimed responsibility for leaking classified government documents and taking down the National Education Centre website, after the Hong Kong government repeatedly ignored months of wide-scale protests against the establishment of a new core Moral and National Education curriculum for children from 6–18 years of age. The new syllabus came under heavy criticism and international media attention, as it does not award students based on how much factual information is learned, but instead grades and evaluates students based on their level of emotional attachment and approval of the Communist Party of China, almost in blind brain-washing fashion.[58] In response to Operation Pillar of Cloud in November 2012, Anonymous launched a series of attacks on Israeli government websites. Anonymous protested what they called the â€Å"barbaric, brutal and despicable treatment of the Palestinian people.†[59] On November 30, 2012, the group declared an operation to shut down websites of the Syrian government, in response to a internet blackout the previous day believed to be imposed by Syrian authorities in an attempt to silence opposition groups of the Syrian civil war Reaction from law enforcement agencies â€Å"| First, who is this group called Anonymous? Put simply, it is an international cabal of criminal hackers dating back to 2003, who have shut down the websites of the U.S. Department of Justice and the F.B.I. They have hacked into the phone lines of Scotland Yard. They are responsible for attacks against MasterCard, Visa, Sony and the Governments of the U.S., U.K., Turkey, Australia, Egypt, Algeria, Libya, Iran, Chile, Colombia and New Zealand.| †| —Canadian MP Marc Garneau, 2012[67]| In December 2010, the Dutch police arrested a 16-year old for cyberattacks against Visa, MasterCard and PayPal in conjunction with Anonymous’ DDoS attacks against companies opposing Wikileaks.[68] In January 2011, the FBI issued more than 40 search warrants in a probe against the Anonymous attacks on companies that opposed Wikileaks. The FBI did not issue any arrest warrants, but issued a statement that participating in DDoS attacks is a criminal offense with a sentence of up to 10 years in prison.[69][70] In January 2011, the British police arrested five male suspects between the ages of 15 and 26 with suspicion of participating in Anonymous DDoS attacks.[71] Matthew George, a Newcastle, New South Wales resident, concerned with forthcoming Australian internet filtration legislation, was arrested for his participation in Anonymous DDoS activities. George participated in Anonymous IRC discussions, and allowed his computer to be used in a denial of service attack associated with Operation Titstorm. Tracked down by authorities, he was fined $550, though he was not fully aware that his actions were illegal, and believed his participation in Operation Titstorm had been a legal form of civil protest. His experience left him disillusioned with the potential of online anonymity, warning others: â€Å"There is no way to hide on the internet, no matter how hard you cover your tracks you can get caught. You’re not invincible.†[72] On June 10, 2011, the Spanish police captured three purported members of Anonymous in the cities of Gijon, Barcelona and Valencia. The operation deactivated the main server from which the three men coordinated DDoS attacks. This particular group had made attacks on the web servers of the PlayStation Store, BBVA, Bankia, and the websites of the governments of Egypt, Algeria, Libya, Iran, Chile, Colombia and New Zealand. The operation revealed that their structure consisted of â€Å"cells† which at any given time could coordinate attacks through the downloading of software; the decision-making process to attack occurred in chat rooms. The Spanish national police stated that this operation corresponds to the fact that the Spanish government and NATO considers this group of hackers a threat to national security.[73] On June 13, 2011, officials in Turkey arrested 32 individuals that were allegedly involved in DDoS attacks on Turkish government websites. These members of Anonymous were captured in different cities of Turkey including Istanbul and Ankara. According to PC Magazine these individuals were arrested after they attacked these websites as a response to the Turkish government demand to ISPs to implement a system of filters that many have perceived as censorship.[74][75] During July 19–20, 2011, as many as 20 or more arrests were made of suspected Anonymous hackers in the US, UK, and Netherlands following the 2010 Operation Avenge Assange in which the group attacked PayPal, as well as attacking MasterCard and Visa after they froze Wikileaks accounts. According to US officials statements suspects’ homes were raided and suspects were arrested in Alabama, Arizona, California, Colorado, Washington DC, Florida, Massachusetts, Nevada, New Mexico, and Ohio, as well as a 16 year old boy being held by the police in south London on suspicion of breaching the Computer Misuse Act 1990, and four being held in the Netherlands.[76][77][78][79] On February 28, 2012, Interpol issued warrants for the arrests of 25 people with suspected links to Anonymous, according to a statement from the international police agency. The suspects, between the ages of 17 and 40, were all arrested.[80] On September 12, 2012; Anonymous spokesman Barrett Brown was arrested at his home in Dallas on charges of threatening an FBI agent. Agents arrested Brown while he was in the middle of aTinychat session.[81] Anonymous Research. (2016, Dec 31). We have essays on the following topics that may be of interest to you

Noise Pollution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Noise Pollution - Essay Example Sound is made up of longitudinal waves that travel through air and cause certain materials to vibrate and create sound. The common characteristics of sound are intensity, frequency, amplitude and velocity. Sound cannot travel in outer space because it is a vacuum. (Ron Kurtus, 2009) According to Kurtus atoms and molecules that float in outer space are too far apart to actually cause any vibration or sound. A loud explosion in outer space would hardly be heard because of the vacuum. Unlike electromagnetic waves that easily travel through space through electrical and magnetic fields, sound waves are caused due to vibration of matter. (Ron Kurtus, 2009) The intensity of sound varies from human to human due to varying hearing sensitivity and therefore cannot be generalized. Sounds which could be normal for some could be harsh for others. Sound frequencies ranging between 1000 Hz and 5000 Hz seem most sensitive to the human ear. However, a normal human ear with the right hearing ability has the lowest threshold of approximately 4000 Hz for comfortable hearing. When sound intensity goes beyond this threshold it tends to impact on the ear causing damage. Such intense sounds include loud explosions, blasts, crashes and noise from heavy machinery etc. Prolonged exposure to such intensity of sounds is liable to lead to permanent damage. Sound intensity is described as the average rate of sound energy flow across a perpendicular surface in the line of propagation. Sound intensity is measured by special units, namely, bel and decibel which are logarithmic. If there is an increase of 1 bel, the intensity of the sound increases ten fold. An i ncrease of 1 dB increases the intensity by approximately 25% and the change in audibility can hardly be detected. The threshold for human hearing is 0 dB sound intensity. The intensity of sound decreases as distance is increased. (www.physicsclassroom.com) The frequency of

The impact of economic globalization in the world Dissertation

The impact of economic globalization in the world - Dissertation Example The participation in the global market of countries is made possible by the reality of globalisation. Globalisation pertains to the removal of economic barriers existing among nations. By removing trade tariffs and other forms of taxes in international trade, freer movements of goods, services, and people have happened, thus establishing a more connected global society and interdependent global market. However, as economic growth and development are observed in countries who have integrated in the global market, it has also been observed that the widening gap between the rich and poor continues and this inequality permeates other interactions and relationships in society. With this perspective, it becomes essential that addressing the issue of the impact of economic globalisation is further clarified. Considering the current debate regarding the issue of economic globalisation, this research will address the question â€Å"what is the impact of economic globalisation?† This qu estion gives rise to two hypotheses. H0 Economic globalisation has a negative impact to countries. H1 Economic globalisation has a positive impact to the country. In order to address the issue of the research, a documentary research analysis was conducted. For the analysis of the collected data, comparative analysis, Pearson correlation, and thematic search were conducted. Some of the findings of the study include; (1) There is a need to redefine and reshape the boundaries of economic globalisation. (2) The impact of economic globalisation can only be ascertained for countries occupying the extreme positions in the spectrum of global integration. (3) Other variables have to be identified in order... However, as economic growth and development are observed in countries who have integrated in the global market, it has also been observed that the widening gap between the rich and poor continues and this inequality permeates other interactions and relationships in society. With this perspective, it becomes essential that addressing the issue of the impact of economic globalisation is further clarified. Considering the current debate regarding the issue of economic globalisation, this research will address the question â€Å"what is the impact of economic globalisation?† This question gives rise to two hypotheses. H0 Economic globalisation has a negative impact to countries. H1 Economic globalisation has a positive impact to the country. In order to address the issue of the research, a documentary research analysis was conducted. For the analysis of the collected data, comparative analysis, Pearson correlation, and thematic search were conducted. Some of the findings of the study include; (1) There is a need to redefine and reshape the boundaries of economic globalisation. (2) The impact of economic globalisation can only be ascertained for countries occupying the extreme positions in the spectrum of global integration. (3) Other variables have to be identified in order to guarantee the impact of economic globalisation to countries that are clustering or distributed at the centre of the spectrum of the impact of economic globalisation.

Is Globalization Beneficial for Canada Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Is Globalization Beneficial for Canada - Essay Example China like communist countries earlier visualized globalization as a strategy by capitalist countries to exploit the wealth and resources of other countries. However, the scenario has gradually changed and now most of the countries in the world accept globalization as a blessing rather than a curse. China is the number one exploiter of globalization at present. It is difficult for a country to progress properly with the help of individual capabilities alone. Globalization helps countries to mobilize its resources more effectively with the help of other countries. Collective growth is the major slogan put forward by globalization. Globalization affects almost the entire segments of human life. It affects economic, social, cultural, political and legal aspects of human life. Canada is one country which still keeps some reservations about globalization. Many of the Canadians still believe that globalization may help only rich countries whereas poor countries may not get many benefits ou t of it. In their opinion, globalization may destroy social, cultural, environmental and political values. However, it is an accepted fact that globalization can not only increase the cooperation between countries and but also it can reduce the conflicts between countries. It definitely sounds good that Canadian companies can operate in any part of the world and sell their products anywhere in the world without much barriers because of globalization. Moreover, Canadians may get better products for cheaper prices because of globalization. This paper analyses the pros and cons of globalization and argues that globalization is definitely beneficial to Canada in the long run. Globalization brought many positive political changes in the world. â€Å"Globalization opens up new possibilities for democratic influence on essential common issues which by their nature are about the notion of the nation’s state† (Torres, p.364). According to Lieber and Weisberg (2002), â€Å"Glob alization is a vital step toward both a more stable world and better lives for the people within it"(Lieber and Weisberg, p.274). It should be noted that the totalitarian administrations in countries like Libya, Egypt, Syria, Bahrain are on the verge of destruction because of agitations from the public. Globalization helped people in such countries to realize the extent of oppression they are facing and they started struggle for democracy in their countries. â€Å"Globalization is a multifaceted process and can be characterized as a systematic decline in the barriers to the cross-national flow of products, factors (capital and people), values and ideas†(Kaplinsky, p.46). In countries like America, Britain or Canada, manpower shortage is a big problem whereas in countries like India, China etc skilled manpower is excess. Exchange of workforce and outsourcing like activities help expensive labor oriented countries to exploit cheap labor markets. A work which is costing $ 100 in Canada can be executed in countries like India for $ 50 with the help of outsourcing. Moreover, immigrant communities in Canada always ready to work for cheap wages which help the industries or organizations in Canada to compete effectively in international market. Canadian products cannot reduce the price or compete effectively in the international market if Canadian organizations employ only highly paid locals in their firms. â€Å"Rises in international trade openness have exerted some pressure on policy makers to lower business cost through tax reductions. Tax rate changes improve the international price competitiveness of firms regardless of their level of mobility†(Weiss, p.75). Tax reduction is another major advantage of globalization.

Microeconomics - Entrepreneurship and Unemployment Essay

Microeconomics - Entrepreneurship and Unemployment - Essay Example Low entrepreneurship levels could also result from low levels of economic growth that are also symptomatic of high unemployment levels. Whereas unemployment has a significant influence on the rate entrepreneurial activity, Audretsch et al (2011: p32) also claim that entrepreneurship has an equally significant impact on unemployment because of the low rates of survival for entrepreneurial activity that limits the influence of entrepreneurship on unemployment. Therefore, there is ambiguity as to whether unemployment is related to increased entrepreneurship or whether unemployment and entrepreneurship are inversely related. As a result, it can be argued that unemployment causes an increase in entrepreneurship and self-employment uptake, while entrepreneurship may also cause unemployment (Faria, 2013: p289). The unravelling of the association between unemployment and entrepreneurship is essential because most policies are based on assumptions that fail to reflect such ambiguity, thus req uiring a robust economic analysis of the available policies. Sub-national governments like the Welsh Assembly Government have the capacity to design and implement policies that support self-employment and entrepreneurship, specifically in complementing the effects of national policies to reduce unemployment levels. While there are numerous policy programs that can be used in support of entrepreneurial activity to reduce unemployment in the South Wales Valleys, there are generally three forms of policies: entrepreneurial education and training; financial assistance; and consultancy, advice, and general assistance. Entrepreneurs in the South Wales Valleys who might want to set up a business may sometimes require advice on the best types of businesses to pursue, required formalities, management implications, and planning required. Indeed, according to Williams and Nadin (2012: p900), majority of people who want to be self-employed only vaguely conceive

Differences between Major and Independent Labels Essay

Differences between Major and Independent Labels - Essay Example There is a big difference between major and independent labels and this has been largely centralized around their financial might and their level of professionalism in a music career. In this light, it is apparent that musicians who have already accumulated wealth can afford to seek the services of major labels that in turn help in marketing their music to a bigger audience hence expanding their fan base across the globe. Additionally, it requires artists who have gained experience in the music industry and are well conversant with the art of stage performance among other dynamics encompassing the music industry. This enables them to perform exceptionally well in all the diverse platforms at regional and international level. On the other hand, the independent labels largely characterize musicians in their inceptive stages of their career. Most of them though not all, are not financially stable and would prefer marketing their music without seeking help from an agency or a management firm; as that will be costly and unprofitable. Furthermore, the artists need more exposure to gain experience in stage performance as well as grow fan support as an independent label before thinking of advancing their music to another new level that can be attained with the help of a major label among other agencies.Another outstanding difference between major and independent labels is the actual contracts they sign. Based on the contract, an artist subscribed to independent label has more benefit than an artist subscribing to the major label.

'Better leadership is too often proposed as a panacea for Essay

'Better leadership is too often proposed as a panacea for organisational problems which have other orgins'. Critically argue for or against this propostion with examples - Essay Example fined as the process by which an individual has influence over others to motivate them in attaining the goals that will help the organisation to move in a right direction. I agree with the notion that better leadership is too often proposed as a panacea of organisational problems which have other origins as people who have good and effective leadership skills can address all problems in a highly efficient manner. In every organisation, there are various problems and all of them can be resolved when their root causes are identified and remedial steps are taken to eradicate the foundation of the issues as it will ensure that organisational productivity is enhanced (Hays, 2008). In my opinion, better leadership is the solution for various organisational issues such as job dissatisfaction as there can be a gap between the job requirements and the jobholder’s personal attributes; with the help of an influencing leader, the jobholder can be motivated to deliver a good performance. However, it can be argued that a person’s job should be redesigned so that he/she is willing to make a productive contribution in the organisation’s required level of performances (Yukle, 2006). According to Bass and Bass (2008) and Howard and Wellins (2008), although leaders can motivate the employees to increase their efforts but if there is a conflict between the job requirements and employee’s skill level then the root cause should be eliminated. Wheelen and Hunger (2005) argue that leadership can temporarily resolve the problem but in the long-term it can hamper the performance of employees which can create ineffectiveness in the organisation. In my opinion, better leadership can definitely influence the employees to enhance their productivity which can improve their contribution level for organisation’s improved performance. It has been rightly stated by Mayo and Nohria (2005) that better leadership will provide more chances for resolving the organisational issues that have

Trend and analysis of SLS hotel external environment Research Paper

Trend and analysis of SLS hotel external environment - Research Paper Example The SLS Luxury brand caters to a specific class of people who desire a lifestyle of high-class service, sophistication, â€Å"over the top† luxury, and an atmosphere that fulfills these needs. SLS Hotels have created a new paradigm in the luxury hotel experience that speaks to a global, sophisticated audience. â€Å"SLS† stands for â€Å"style, luxury, and service. This speaks to the needs of today’s sophisticated travelers, offering an array of widely customizable features and an unwavering commitment to innovation and superior guest service (Hotels, 2014). The sort of products and administrations requested by customers is generally impacted by their convictions and state of mind which, on the other hand, are affected by social molding. The surrounding social entities and the associated activities. The Hollywood presence, for instance, presents the hotel with great opportunity for the constant flow of clients who even stay for longer periods. The hotel location is a great contributor to the accessibility by the target population who include the diplomatic tourists and business persons in Los Angeles. Beverly Hills and Los Angeles, in particular, is a popular destination for people seeking luxury and high-class lifestyle. The Hollywood movie industry, high-end shopping options and opportunities, beaches and resorts such as Santa Monica Pier and Venice boardwalk, attractions such as the Universal Studios, many museums and cultural events in L.A constitutes to the main social factors that make the destination popular (Enz, 2009). Being an economic hub, Los Angeles provides the hotel with an adequate supply of market as business people from all over the world frequently come to the city for conferences (Hotels, 2014). The growing population of Beverly Hills is also a social factor to consider. Currently, the population of the city stands at over 34,000 people. However, the population has various demands depending on the age-group and socioeconomic factors.

The Chimney Sweeper by William Blake (From Songs of Experience) Essay Example for Free

The Chimney Sweeper by William Blake (From Songs of Experience) Essay â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper† is one of the poems written by William Blake which is based on the status of the society during the Industrial Revolution. During this period, people suffered from extreme poverty as materialism, social injustice, and child enslavement thrived. Hence, writers such as William Blake resorted to expressing their thoughts through their literary works. The poem deals with the detestable exploitation of young children as chimney sweeper. It appears that Blake used bleak contrasts to present this deplorable practice. While some of the lines contained innocent rhymes, the subject matter is dark and grim. Blake wrote the poem from the perspective of a young boy who became a chimney sweeper. On the first two lines of the poem, the main character of the poem tells the readers how he became a chimney sweeper: when his mother died, his father sold him before he can even speak. As it was told in rhymes, these lines reflect how innocent the boy is of the social injustice plaguing England at that time. His naivete has caused him to accept his circumstance while hoping for the day when his freedom from impoverishment would come. He also appears to be stronger than his fellow chimney sweeper, Tom Dacre. When Tom cried because he lost his hair, the narrator comforted him by making Tom realize the brighter side of his misfortune: â€Å"Hush, Tom! never mind it, for when your heads bare, / You know that the soot cannot spoil your white hair. † Thus, for the sake of Tom, he had to remain strong. In the third stanza, Blake used a dream to portray Tom’s desire to escape his unfortunate fate and live freely in a heaven-like place. Towards the end, the angel in the dream reminded Tom to â€Å"be a good boy† if he wants to go to heaven. This dream could be the representation of Tom’s innocent hope. Thus, when Tom awoke from the dream, he felt â€Å"happy and warm. † The poem ends with Tom concluding that all will be well as long as he performs his duties. This duty may mean two things: his job as a chimney sweeper, and his duty to God. Despite their unfortunate circumstance, the young chimney sweepers do not seem to bear ill-feelings about their miserable lives. Instead, they seem to look at the brighter side of things and hold on to hope that a better life is out there for them. Through this poem, Blake may be trying to make his readers feel guilty. These children who seem to lead such difficult lives are capable of optimism, while those who are more fortunate do nothing but complain. If this was an accurate representation of the exploited young children’s thoughts during the Industrial Revolution, Blake may also be encouraging his readers to act against child enslavement and save the children’s innocence before it becomes tainted.

Superstitions Essay Example for Free

Superstitions Essay If you want get recover from heartbroken, you must strictly follow the healing broken heart step. It is normal that on one cannot escape from this situation because love exists with everyone and everywhere. People may say on one ever died of broken heart, but when you face with it, it is nearly dead actually. The following suggestions will help you fix the painfully trouble from your relationship that has ended. First, calm down and breathe deeply. An easy step that you can do is surviving from the difficult day. Take one day and give yourself a moral support. Staying with yourself too much in bed room does not help at all. It will worsen. The easy suggestions for this beginning step are sleeping, watching movie, cooking at home, playing game and eating ice cream. All above are easy ways which motivate you to smile again. Second, stay close with friends and family members. Having someone to talk to is very important when you are in trouble especially broken heart. It helps sharing your thoughts with others. Make lists of friends who you can sincerely talk to because your close friends will soothe and give you advices the best. You probably ask them to hang out or find special activities which you interested in to do. These will help refresh your mind and boost up your confident surely. Finally, after following the above steps, next suggestion is continue socializing and exercising regularly. Make sure that those activities are not related to alcohol or drug which will drag you to worse broken heart. Going out to meet other people helps you to get a new aspect of life, for example, in case you are not accept breaking relationship, a surrounding people’s life or their experiences that worse than yours may change your thought of being sad. Besides, you should do exercise regularly in order to refresh your mind and appearance. Socializing and exercising are effective if you consider doing it. In conclusion, remember that healing process takes long time. There is no quick way to stop suffering. Mending a broken heart is not easy but it can be done. If possible, consider to date the new one but avoid risky relationship that will hurt you again. I believe that with your attempt, all tasks can be done so believe in yourself and always realize that the man does not right for you. You deserve more. Smile to yourself and never give up. Nevertheless, The Broken Heart is an important contribution to our literature and one of the most penetrating books I have studied in some time. It deals with a subject that needs to be grasped by more Latter-day Saints. An understanding of grace is needed not only as we interact with members of other faiths who hold their own beliefs regarding grace, but particularly as we seek to come unto Christ through a deeper understanding and application of his Atonement. This is a book about hope, a book that extends hope. Sometimes we say, the author writes, that no other success can compensate for our failures in the home. And while it is true that no other success of ours can fully compensate, there is a success that compensates for all our failures, after all we can do in good faith. That success is the Atonement of Jesus Christ. By its power, we may arise from the ashes of life filled with incomprehensible beauty and joy (22). Certainly no message could be more vital, more central, than that. Did you know that smoking one pack of cigarettes a day for ten years could reduce your bone density by 2 percent! And if this is not shocking enough read on -Tobacco speeds artery damage. It promotes memory loss, Alzheimers disease, causes rapid skin aging, anxiety, impotence, fatigue, headaches hoarseness of voice, smokers cough, peptic ulcers, senility, cramps in the legs stained teeth and nails, hiatal hernia, heart disease cancer, osteoporosis and the list can go on and on and on ( from health magazine) The best way to give up smoking is NOW! Stop smoking is the hardest thing for a smoker, that is why some people make fun of themselves Stop smoking is so easy, see I already did it several times. If you did stop smoking, then congratulation. If you are still smoking, do not worry, there are some tips. First, drink plenty of fluids like fruit juices, vegetable juices, warm water throughout the day to help in cleansing the body and providing antioxidants to lesson the free radical irritation during the detox period. Secondly munch the carrot sticks cucumber strips, radish and plenty of raw vegetables as oral substitutes to deal with the psychological ties to smoking. Thirdly have a positive attitude towards health and life in general, stay busy to prevent boredom and to keep your mind off smoking. Maybe you can get another smoker, to stop smoking with you so that you can discuss common problems and get each others support. Furthermore indulge in health treatments such as a massage, sauna, steam, and teeth cleansing to remove cigarette stains. Lastly if your craving to smoke arises, take a brisk walk, or drink tea or do things with your hands, or exercise, or go for a swim or just practice breathing relaxation techniques, smile (even if you dont feel like) and be thankful that you are not smoking. If you are a smoker, you have undoubtedly tried to quit and have found it difficult. Believe me, it is just a question of mind over body. If you follow the steps above, you will be success.

Sequence Analysis East Of Eden Film Studies Essay

Sequence Analysis East Of Eden Film Studies Essay Elia Kazans film East of Eden attempts to explore the relationship between father and son, Adam and Cal. Cal is desperately seeking love from his father, but he just turns away from Cal and leaves him upset. Conflicts arise between the two and this tears them further apart from each other. In the sequence, Kazan applied non-diegetic elements and various visual techniques to show the tension between Adam and Cal. Apart from that, Kazan also applied different mise-en-scene arrangements like lighting and blocking to reflect the emotions of each character and to illustrate Cal feels distant from his father and bring up the problems caused by the generation gap. With the use of all these film techniques, Kazans film has also demonstrated an understanding of the classical Hollywood style at that time. Kazan has used non-diegetic music to create suspicion in the film, and particular camera angles to reflect the bond Cal and Adam. Within the clip, it can be seen that aggressive music is used when Cal is telling Aron that their mother is still alive. The director used music as a way to illustrate the conflicts between the brothers, which are significant to the film narration. Burt suggested that this is the climactic scene in the film, and the music has successfully filled the explosive potential of the story plot (1994, p.185). Non-diegetic music has been extensively used in different parts of the film, and the repetitive use of music helps illustrate the emotions of the characters to the audience. In the clip, complex harmonies and thudding chordal figure are used to bring out the explosive nature of the climax scene (Burt, 1994, p.186). With the use of background music and lightings in the clip, the director has been able to bring suspense to the audience, and it becomes a clue to what will happen next. At the same time, non-diegetic music has been used for the entire sequence of Sunrise (1927). Due to the silent nature of this film, the emotions of the characters cannot be brought out through the tones of dialogues. In that case, storytelling has to rely on the use of orchestral music. Also, the director applied a canted framing, which means a slope is formed within the frame (Bordwell and Thompson, 2010, p.490). Kazan used this technique to capture the scene when Cal left heartbroken after being rejected by his father. A similar slanted camera angle has been used at the beginning of the film when Cal is trying to confront his father about his mothers death. It can be seen that when the tension between Cal and Adam arises, the director used a canted frame to capture the scene, as a leitmotif to show the distrust between the two throughout the film. The slope could be seen a metaphor of their relationship, indicating that their relationship is unstable. Mise-en-scene arrangements are also evident in the clip. Kazan has put different components into different scenes and he arranged them in a meaningful way. In terms of blocking, it can be seen that Cal often stands further away from other characters and the camera. For instance, in the scene when Cal tries to explain how he got the money to Adam, they stand at diagonal corners, with Adam standing closer to the camera. In an interview, Kazan explained that Cinemascope was used to put Cal at the corner of the frame so that he would look tinier than other characters (Young, 2001, p.203). This technique is used throughout the film in order to show that he is powerless in front of his father. Similar settings can also be seen when Cals brother is confronting with him, a medium shot of Aron standing in front of Cal. After that, it switches to a long-shot, and we could only see the shades of the two characters. Burt suggested that the light settings have made their appearances barely recogn isable (1994, p.188). The darkness has created a feeling of fear in the film, and the staging of the scene has also shown Cals emotional changes, from frustration to anger. As mentioned, the director often put Cal at the corner as he was portraying him as a kid (Young, 2001, p.203). However, when Cal is confronting his brother, he stands on the bench under the tree, indicating a regain of power. At that point, it demonstrates a mental change in Cal, as he is trying to act maturely. The sequence has also illustrated the dominant features of the classical Hollywood film style. According to King, classical style is analysed in two aspects, film narrative and editing techniques (2002, p.4). A typical Hollywood film usually shows how the main character finds a solution to his problem (Bordwell, 1986, p.18). In terms of narrative, East of Eden presents the story in a linear timeline, with Cal struggling to maintain a healthy relationship with his father. It can be seen that the sequence leads audience to the climax of the story plot, as Cal faces an obstacle when he is attempting to resolve his own issues, thus he expresses his long hidden jealousy towards his brother, indicating a breaking change in the relationships between each character. Therefore, the sequence fulfils the struggles for problem solving part of the Hollywood film plot, as suggested by Bordwell (1986, p.18). In the clip, it can also be seen that the director applied continuity editing. This editing method involves point-of-view shot and shot/reverse-shot, which has been used since the 1910s (Bordwell, Straiger, Thompson, 1985, p.194). An example of the point-of-view shot is that after a medium shot that shows Adam asking Cal how he got his money, Cal looks at Abra, and a medium shot of her is shown. The camera is placed at Cals visual direction, and it shows that Cal is getting courage from Abra. Meanwhile, throughout the movie, shot/reverse-shot is often used during conversations between characters. This gives a clear view of each character, and it allows audience to see their facial expressions clearly, which is an important element of a melodrama. Maltby suggested that James Dean in East of Eden was a method performance that combines psychoanalysis and melodrama, which constructs realism and showing expressive emotions at the same time (1995, p.263). Compared with Sunrise, James Dean has a more natural performance. Because of the film nature, actors in Sunrise have to exa ggerate their expressions to illustrate the whole story. In conclusion, that sequence in the film East of Eden has brought the story plot to the climax point, with the use of various visual techniques and scene arrangements. Non-diegetic music and canted frame can be found in the sequence, which are used to build up the tension between Cal and other characters. In addition, Kazan has used staging and lighting subtly to reflect the feelings of each character. Classical Hollywood styles like continuity editing and exaggerated acting can also be seen in the sequence, which are the main features of the Hollywood films at that time. The techniques that are used in the sequence can also be found in other parts of the movie, and this shows that they are essential in constructing the whole structure of the film.

Judaisms Beliefs on Suffering :: essays research papers

Judaisms beliefs on suffering by Alex Barnett Why do the innocent suffer? This question has been asked for ages. Jewish sources, from the earliest to the latest, have tried themselves to answer this. It occurs to every single person with an interest in religion or not. We all know cases of good people who suffer terrible pains for no obvious reason. From a religious side of life this disturbs me because it seems to contradict certain basic Jewish beliefs. In particular, we believe: God is omniscient (He knows everything), God is omnipotent (He can do anything), and God is just. If these beliefs are right then how is it possible that innocent people suffer? In this essay I am going to briefly tell you what Judaism says about the concept of suffering and then I?m going to attempt explaining the two main explanations! The firstly and the most widely used answer across many religions is ?We simply do not know. Our rabbis (teachers) tell us that god?s logic and actions are way, way, way more advanced than us, physical human beings would ever be able, even to attempt trying to understand. We simply will never understand until we meet the big guy in heaven! Also some people although may seem innocent may actually not be so great and are punished for the things they do wrong. For me in Judaism by far the more impressive explanation is free will, God made Satan, he is not a rebellious angel. God created both good and evil. The Bible says so, in Isaiah 45:?God created the universe because God wanted to do good.? So there had to be people to receive that goodness. But God does not want to just give away good as a present. God wants people to appreciate it. Something you get for free you do not appreciate. And in fact, if you got something amazingly good for free, and you were allowed to enjoy it for all eternity, you would not appreciate it. If you didn't work for it, you don't deserve it. So G-d decided that people would have to work for it, and receive the ultimate goodness as a reward for hard work. People are tempted every day by their yetzer tov and yetzer horah, whether to do good or bad things, you need to overcome your yetzer horah to become a great person and receive reward in the afterlife. Say, for example, you have a desire to tell harmful gossip about someone.

Sports Information :: essays research papers

The Minnesota Vikings opened their developmental camp for veterans on Monday morning at Winter Park. The Vikings had a very high player turnout for their first session on Monday, including free agent signees Kenny Mixon, Lorenzo Bromell, Corey Chavous, and Henri Crockett. The developmental camp will run Monday-Wednesday and the Vikings will have workouts, classroom work, and weightlifting. â€Å"I thought the work was good,† Mike Tice said. â€Å"I thought the tempo was good today. I had to pull them back a little bit because I was worried about somebody getting hurt. But I thought the tempo was excellent and the guys understand that they have to be in good shape in order to keep up.† The only veterans not at Monday’s workout were defensive tackle Darius Holland and newly signed tight end Hunter Goodwin and punter Kyle Richardson. Tice said Holland had a death in the family and that Goodwin would likely be on the field tomorrow and Richardson on Wednesday. The Vikings will have their first mini-camp this weekend, when the team’s draft picks and rookie free agents will join the veterans for practices. â€Å"There is definitely a sense of excitement on both sides of the ball,† Byron Chamberlain said. â€Å"I think guys were eager to get out here after what seemed like a long offseason. Any time you win five games and lose 11, it tends to be a pretty long offseason. There is a sense of excitement with the moves we made in the draft and free agency and just seeing guys out here for the first time.† Notes The Vikings signed rookie free agent wide receiver Kelly Campbell on Monday. Campbell played for Vikings’ defensive line coach George O’Leary at Georgia Tech, where he had 56 catches for 708 yards and three touchdowns in 2001. He is Georgia Tech’s all-time leader in career catches (198), receiving yards (2,907) and touchdowns (24). Comments from Monday Daunte Culpepper On his knee I’m fine. I’ve just rehabbed it real good this offseason. I’m feeling real good. I’m over 90 percent and I’m ready to go. (It just) needs a little more strengthening, that’s all. I can run. I would like to strengthen it a little bit more so it’s equal to my right, or even stronger. On Bryant McKinnie He definitely is a blessing to us and definitely to myself. I’m glad that we got him. I was hoping and praying that we would, and I couldn’t believe that he dropped to number seven.

The Automatic Transmission and Decline of Western Morals :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

The Automatic Transmission and Decline of Western Morals When first struck with this notion, that the automatic transmission has caused the decline of Western morals, I was pumped-up and ready to go. I could've written the whole thing right then and there, sans research, sans forethought, sans plan. But then, what I thought to be the better angel of my nature kicked in and said that the responsible thing to do was to do research. Despite my future difficulties, I still think this to be the right course of action. What I wanted for the essay on automatic transmissions was automatic writing. The problems began to set in when it came time to actually do that research. I didn't wanna. Days stretched into weeks. Weeks into more weeks. The bloom was off the rose; the research just seemed like too much work-too much work on top of teaching, on top of domestic responsibilities. After many weeks, I realized that it was, in fact the automobile that I was at the time driving that influenced my attitude and created my lethargy. You see, due to a problem with my wife's car-an automatic-that made it difficult for her to drive, I was using it for my daily commute. After only a single week of driving her automatic-equipped car, I had lost all desire to do anything; I, like America, had become shiftless. The trend actually started before Oldsmobile marketed the first automatic in 1940 ("Stick Shifts" 4A). An ad for the 1939 model Chevrolet promises a "Perfected Vacuum Gear-Shift" that "does 80% of the work of shifting gears," beginning the trend to automobiles that were increasingly easier to operate (General Motors 31). This ad is echoed by rival Plymouth in the same issue of Time magazine: "Perfected Remote Control Shifting. . . with Auto-Mesh Transmission. Much Easier" (Chrysler 1). The implications are clear: even before the debauchery we associate with the 1960s, American values were beginning to crack; the idea that one should do things for oneself were beginning to be questioned by Madison Avenue, and, within a decade-and-a-half, by America itself. We don't, of course, associate the late 1930s with licentiousness, but our history-or our memories-deceive us. In the exact same issue of Time magazine that we find the telltale ads described above, we find a short report on the Golden Gate International Exposition of 1939. What makes this fair,

Cleanliness

There were so many spot that got particle of dust. For example, we approach there so many unclean part from the first time we go in. Like the spot near the connecting door, there were so many dust there. Maybe rheum hotel can improve their cleanliness by checking their staff work after they finish their work or change their equipment into more modern one to make the room more cleaner. Because to some person who have allergic in dust, they will not satisfied stay in Rheum Hotel.Under the basin there were also some unclean yellow spot that we approached. We suggest that Rheum Hotel should more notice the unseen part such as corner of the room or basin's under so that the guests will stay pleasantly. The window in the room is also dirty. We found some finger print there and oil-dust spot there. Our suggestion is Rheum Hotel should pay attention to the little things of their rooms like window because even a little things can drop down their mark in guests' view. Another thing that we saw on the first time we arrived at Rheum is on the table, there was a drink used spot.This is proved that Rheum Hotel really don't mind their cleanliness because even in the seen spot they don't mind their cleanliness. Inside the refrigerator we Olson assess that Rheum Hotel hardly ever clean it because refrigerator should be the most clean spot because it is a spot were the guest usually put their food. How can the place where you place your food become so dirty? In conclusion, we hope that Rheum Hotel will pay attention to their cleanliness because as a guest we really disappointed to their cleanliness aspects as there were so many spot that got particle of dust and unclean spot.So that we suggest Rheum Hotel to mind their cleanliness by upgrade their tool and equipment to the new one to clean guests' rooms or maybe Rheum can employ the internship students so they will work hardly because internship is part of their graduate mark. SERVICE According to us, Rheum Hotel's services is n ot really satisfying because they claims that they are a boutique hotel but in fact they service is far from what boutique hotel required. Usually, boutique hotel services are often individual and focused on offering their services in a comfortable, intimate, and welcoming setting.We disappointed because Rheum Hotel didn't give us a services as we expected. The staff didn't even sent us to the room or explain how to use our room card in the lift to reach our room. One of the most important factor that boutique hotel should have is the staff of boutique hotel should have sense of predict what the guests need or want. The staff should know in advance the needs and the requirements of the guests than Just responding it when the guests ask. From our experience, even we have ask they didn't do it. For example, we want 1 more extra body towel and 1 more extra towel cause there was 3 of us in the room.But check-out time we didn't get the towels that we asked. We also disappointed to the wa y Rheum Hotel treated us. We are student in Tailor's University so our expectation of Rheum Hotel is quite high. They treated us just as a students but not as a guest in the hotel. According to our complaint, we suggest that Rheum Hotel can employ more professional staff so Rheum Hotel can improve their services to the guest. Whether they can Just train their current staff to be a better staff of boutique hotel as they claim they are. Cleanliness There were so many spot that got particle of dust. For example, we approach there so many unclean part from the first time we go in. Like the spot near the connecting door, there were so many dust there. Maybe rheum hotel can improve their cleanliness by checking their staff work after they finish their work or change their equipment into more modern one to make the room more cleaner. Because to some person who have allergic in dust, they will not satisfied stay in Rheum Hotel.Under the basin there were also some unclean yellow spot that we approached. We suggest that Rheum Hotel should more notice the unseen part such as corner of the room or basin's under so that the guests will stay pleasantly. The window in the room is also dirty. We found some finger print there and oil-dust spot there. Our suggestion is Rheum Hotel should pay attention to the little things of their rooms like window because even a little things can drop down their mark in guests' view. Another thing that we saw on the first time we arrived at Rheum is on the table, there was a drink used spot.This is proved that Rheum Hotel really don't mind their cleanliness because even in the seen spot they don't mind their cleanliness. Inside the refrigerator we Olson assess that Rheum Hotel hardly ever clean it because refrigerator should be the most clean spot because it is a spot were the guest usually put their food. How can the place where you place your food become so dirty? In conclusion, we hope that Rheum Hotel will pay attention to their cleanliness because as a guest we really disappointed to their cleanliness aspects as there were so many spot that got particle of dust and unclean spot.So that we suggest Rheum Hotel to mind their cleanliness by upgrade their tool and equipment to the new one to clean guests' rooms or maybe Rheum can employ the internship students so they will work hardly because internship is part of their graduate mark. SERVICE According to us, Rheum Hotel's services is n ot really satisfying because they claims that they are a boutique hotel but in fact they service is far from what boutique hotel required. Usually, boutique hotel services are often individual and focused on offering their services in a comfortable, intimate, and welcoming setting.We disappointed because Rheum Hotel didn't give us a services as we expected. The staff didn't even sent us to the room or explain how to use our room card in the lift to reach our room. One of the most important factor that boutique hotel should have is the staff of boutique hotel should have sense of predict what the guests need or want. The staff should know in advance the needs and the requirements of the guests than Just responding it when the guests ask. From our experience, even we have ask they didn't do it. For example, we want 1 more extra body towel and 1 more extra towel cause there was 3 of us in the room.But check-out time we didn't get the towels that we asked. We also disappointed to the wa y Rheum Hotel treated us. We are student in Tailor's University so our expectation of Rheum Hotel is quite high. They treated us just as a students but not as a guest in the hotel. According to our complaint, we suggest that Rheum Hotel can employ more professional staff so Rheum Hotel can improve their services to the guest. Whether they can Just train their current staff to be a better staff of boutique hotel as they claim they are. Cleanliness There were so many spot that got particle of dust. For example, we approach there so many unclean part from the first time we go in. Like the spot near the connecting door, there were so many dust there. Maybe rheum hotel can improve their cleanliness by checking their staff work after they finish their work or change their equipment into more modern one to make the room more cleaner. Because to some person who have allergic in dust, they will not satisfied stay in Rheum Hotel.Under the basin there were also some unclean yellow spot that we approached. We suggest that Rheum Hotel should more notice the unseen part such as corner of the room or basin's under so that the guests will stay pleasantly. The window in the room is also dirty. We found some finger print there and oil-dust spot there. Our suggestion is Rheum Hotel should pay attention to the little things of their rooms like window because even a little things can drop down their mark in guests' view. Another thing that we saw on the first time we arrived at Rheum is on the table, there was a drink used spot.This is proved that Rheum Hotel really don't mind their cleanliness because even in the seen spot they don't mind their cleanliness. Inside the refrigerator we Olson assess that Rheum Hotel hardly ever clean it because refrigerator should be the most clean spot because it is a spot were the guest usually put their food. How can the place where you place your food become so dirty? In conclusion, we hope that Rheum Hotel will pay attention to their cleanliness because as a guest we really disappointed to their cleanliness aspects as there were so many spot that got particle of dust and unclean spot.So that we suggest Rheum Hotel to mind their cleanliness by upgrade their tool and equipment to the new one to clean guests' rooms or maybe Rheum can employ the internship students so they will work hardly because internship is part of their graduate mark. SERVICE According to us, Rheum Hotel's services is n ot really satisfying because they claims that they are a boutique hotel but in fact they service is far from what boutique hotel required. Usually, boutique hotel services are often individual and focused on offering their services in a comfortable, intimate, and welcoming setting.We disappointed because Rheum Hotel didn't give us a services as we expected. The staff didn't even sent us to the room or explain how to use our room card in the lift to reach our room. One of the most important factor that boutique hotel should have is the staff of boutique hotel should have sense of predict what the guests need or want. The staff should know in advance the needs and the requirements of the guests than Just responding it when the guests ask. From our experience, even we have ask they didn't do it. For example, we want 1 more extra body towel and 1 more extra towel cause there was 3 of us in the room.But check-out time we didn't get the towels that we asked. We also disappointed to the wa y Rheum Hotel treated us. We are student in Tailor's University so our expectation of Rheum Hotel is quite high. They treated us just as a students but not as a guest in the hotel. According to our complaint, we suggest that Rheum Hotel can employ more professional staff so Rheum Hotel can improve their services to the guest. Whether they can Just train their current staff to be a better staff of boutique hotel as they claim they are.